Задание 1.

Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол в правильной форме. Все предложения относятся к прошедшему времени.

 

1. The result  … (to be) absolutely different from what we ... (to expect) and

we nearly … (to give up) the experiment but soon Victor ... (to find) where

we ... (to make) a mistake.

2. No sooner ... (to enter) the room than a young man ... (to come) up to

me with a glass of champagne … (to be) sure it (to be) the first time I ... (to see) him in my life and I ... (not \ to know) his name but half an hour later …  (still \ to ask) me questions about my relatives and … (to tell) me something about his new business.

3. I … (to have) no idea what it … (to lead) to but I … (to decide) to

have a try.

4. She … (too be) sorry she … (not / to warn) me about the changes and I

… (to waste) so much time. 

5. I ... (to be) surprised when the door bell ... (to ring) because all the guests …  (already /to arrive) and … (not / to expect) anyone else.

6. It … (to turn out) that all the efforts we ... (to make) for so much time … (to be) in vain. 

7. At eleven o'clock in the evening I … (still \ to look) through the notes I ...

(to make) at the lecture. The information … (to be) new to me and I ... (to want) to make sure that I … (to have) no questions left.

8. She … (to realize) that it ... (to be) her last chance and if she … (not/to use) it she ... (to regret) it all her life.

9. On her way home she … (to have) a vague feeling that she ... (to do) something wrong. But on the other hand she … (to be) sure she ... (to plan) everything thoroughly.  

10. Mary ... (to hope) that during their excursion, around London the guide ... 

(to take) them to St. Paul's Cathedral which, as she … (to read) ... (to be) the second-largest cathedral in the world.

 

Задание 2. 

Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол в правильной форме. Все предложения относятся к прошедшему времени.

 

l. Nick ... (to turn off) the music he ... (to listen) to and ...(to go) to answer the phone. He ...(to think) it … (to see) Steve but it ... (to turn out) somebody who ... (to dial) the wrong number. 

2. It ... (to be) obvious that she ... (can / not) control herself. She … (to cry) in hysterics. 

3. Sheila ... (to like) the novel so much that everything she ... (to read) so

far ... (to seem) ordinary and uninteresting. She even ... (to think) she ... (not / to like) any other book so much and that one ... (to remain) her favorite.

4. She ...(to enjoy) the music that ...(to sound) on the radio. She ... (to hear) neither the melody nor the singer before and ... (to be) sorry she ... (not / to know) what the song ... (to be).

5. The blouse she ... (to wear) ... (to suit) her very well. It ... (to look)

very beautiful and unusual. I ... (not / to see) anything like that before.

6. She ... (to have) a rest after she ...(to work) so hard all day. Right at that

moment the telephone ... (to ring), and her mood … (to change) for the

worse at once because she ... (not / to want) to speak to anyone and … (to hope) that nobody and nothing …( to disturb) her.

7. At the recent environmental conference scientist s ... (to point out) again that the world climate … (to get) warmer.

8. I … (to doubt) that Mr. Stevens … (to do) what we … (to want) to ask him for.

9. I … (not \ to trust) Sam and ... (to be) sure that sooner or later he ... (to show) to that attitude to us and then everybody ... (to see) that I ... (to be) right.

10. The Tysons ... (to have) an impression that something strange ... (to go on)

in the room but they … (to pretend) they … (not/ to notice) it or at least  (not / to pay) attention to it.

11. I read in a reference book that the ancient Egyptians ... (to build) pyramids over

the tombs of dead kings and queens.

12. The book she … (to find) … (to look) very old. She ... (to realize) that it ... (can) be valuable that's why she ... (not/ to throw) it away.

13. Brian ...  (to look) totally deferent from the man I … (to expect) to see. In

fact I … (to be) disappointed because I … (to imagine) a stronger and a

more handsome man. Bat my friend … (to remind) me that appearance ... (can) be deceiving,

14. She (to begin) to cry when she … (to see) that the flowers she …(always/ to look after) so carefully … (to be) dead.

15. Mrs. Crap ... (never / to throw away) anything hoping that this or that thing

… (to some in) handy. As a result her flat … (to be) full of unnecessary old

things she ... (to store) for ages.

 

Задание 3. 

Переведите на русский 

 

1. The secret was believed to have been lost. 2. She is extremely likely to succeed. 3. We are not allowed to go out. 4. He had been asked to remain to lunch. 5. Tell him this next time you happen to be alone. 6. She seemed to have noticed something Interesting on the snore. 7. A girl with long straight yellow hair appeared to be attract¬ing everybody’s attention. 8. The girl was not likely to have taken an overdose of sleeping tablets by mistake. 9. It was bound to happen. 10. They seem to be planning a new attack.

 

Задание 4. 

Откройте скобки.

1. She is expected (to operate) on today. 2. Just look at his hands. He is sure (to work) in the garage. 3. She smiled broadly and waved her hand. She seemed (to recognize) me. 4. Even if he is out you heed not worry. He is sure (to leave) the key under the door-mat. 5. At that time I happened (to work) at my first novel. 6. You won’t be likely (to miss) the train if you start right now. 7. Don’t cry! Everything is bound (to get) right between you. 8. She lost her head and seemed (to forget) the little English she knew. 9. A young woman is supposed (to write) this book. 10. You needn't mention it again. He is not likely (to forget) it. 11. He is believed (to teach) by his father.

 

Задание 5.

Запомните пропуски частицей to, там где это необходимо

 

1. She watched him – open the door. 2. The job will enable him – have home of his own. 3. I tried to make him – see a doctor. Women always want you – write them letters. 5. I’d love you – see my little daughter. 6. You can’t make me – say what you want me – say. 7. She begged him not – be disappointed. 8. Don’t let it – trouble you. 9. She watched him – open the safe and – hide behind the curtains. 10. You could hear a pin – drop. 11. She begged me to let her – know when mother would be back.

 

Задание 6. 

Переведите на английский.

 

1. Кажется, она пишет стихи. 2. Оказалось, что она написала стихотворение. 3. Видели, как она пишет письмо. 4. Ее попросили написать статью. 5. Думали, она пишет стихи. 6. Рассчитывали, что она напишет стихотворение. 7. Предполагали, что она написала это стихотворение. 8. Конечно, она сейчас пишет стихотворение. 9. Конечно, она написала стихотворение. 10. Вряд ли она пишет стихотворение. 11. Вряд ли она написала стихотворение. 12. Конечно, стихотворение уже написано. 13. Конечно, она его уже написала. 14. Случайно она написала хорошее стихотворение. 15. Казалось, она пишет стихотворение. 16. Вряд ли кто-то что-то сделал. 17. Кажется, кто-то что-то сделал, делает. 18. Кажется, что-то было сделано. 19. Кому-то велели что-то сделать. 20. Видели, как кто-то что-то сделал. 21. Конечно, кто-то что-то сделал. 22. Конечно, что-то будет сделано. 23. Конечно, кто-то что-то делает. 

Задание 7.

Выберите правильную форму глагола.

 

1. I saw you (come, coming) into the hall. 2. They did not see anybody (come, coming). 3. They noticed us (get, getting) on the bus and helped us to get in. 4. Miss Grey saw the Bolshoi Theatre dancers (stand, standing) at the stairs. She watched them rehearse (rehearsing) and (dance, dancing) with great interest. 5.1 didn't see him enter, but I felt him (look, looking) at me. 6. I heard her (say, saying) something, but couldn't understand what it was. 7. Did you hear Richter play the piano? When did you hear him play? What did you hear him play? 8. My teacher heard me (make, making) a mistake and made me repeat the passage. 9. What made you come too early? 10. J. Turner made the sailors tie him up to the mast on the ship, as he wanted to feel the waves beat him, and watch them change their color. 11. The noise caused the actors stop the rehearsal.

 

Задание 8. 

Переведите предложения на русский язык.

 

1. The play being rehearsed at the theatre is written by a young playwright. 2. The movies being shown now at the cinemas are made at our studio. 3. The new hostel of our University will be situated in the house being built nearby. 4. The course of lectures being delivered by our professor will be very useful in our practical work. 5. I.S. Turgenev, having seen the statue of Ivan the Terrible by the sculptor M. Antokolsky, wrote in a letter that he had been greatly impressed by it. 6. Eisenstein knew Th. Dreiser well, having met him in New York. 7. Having taken their decision to write a script based on "American Tragedy", Eisenstein and his friends began working hard. 8. The pianist, having played some encores, left the stage. 9. Having seen all the movies made by Walt Disney, Eisenstein said that Disney was the only man in America who used sound movie properly. 10. Every¬body was tired, having rehearsed very late the previous night. 11. Having been invited to Hollywood Einstein agreed to sign the contract with Paramount. 12. Having been included to the program the aria added to the success of the recital.

 

Задание 9. 

Выберите правильную форму Participle и переведите предложения.

 

1. The opera (being staged, having been staged) now at the Bolshoi Theatre is suppose to be a success. 2. (being staged, having been staged) many years ago the talented operas by Verstovsky are forgotten by the public. 3. (falling ill, having fallen ill) the ballerina Lepeshinskaya had to give up dancing. 4. (going through , having gone through) his lines the actor stopped (forgetting, having forgotten) some words. 5. (going through, having gone through) the lines hundred times the actor managed to perfect his part. 

 

Задание 10.

Раскройте скобки, используя Participle I или Participle II.

 

1. It was an old woman (to wear) glasses. 2. The knock was repeated a second time, and a third, (to echo) in the small room. 3. Then another child, (to lead) by her mother, boarded the bus. 4. On the door, (to tie) to the latch of the letter box, was a piece of white cardboard with his name on it. 5. Gertrude took away the (to sob) little girl. 6. There were letters from a woman in Brightland, and more letters (to postmark) from places like Mexico City and Cannes. 7. How would you like to spend your Sundays (to rake up) dead leaves in the country? 8. Her figure, so helpless, (to bend) over the suitcase, made him nearly sick with pity. 9. In her apartment, Maude went around (to turn on) lamps, (to open) windows, and (to draw) curtains. 10. (To lay) aside the book, she turned the wireless down a bit more.

 

Задание 11.

Выберите правильную форму Participle I.

 

1. (To get) over her immediate rage, she began to study the situation with distaste. 2. (To knock down) by one of the boys, he had managed at last too regain his feet. 3. She was so shocked, that she went out and had three cups of black coffee and sat in the park (to look) straight in front of  her for the rest of the morning. 4. (To sympathize) with her about the lack of service, Miss Nash suggested bringing her up something on a tray. 5. Then Sophia's letter had come, (to remind) her of their schooldays together and (to ask) her to come and stay with her for a while. 6. (To find) under the kitchen-rug, the letter proved to be of great importance for the landlady. 7. Mary leaned against the bus, (to read) her paper. 8. (To grab) the knocker, she gave three clear hammer strokes on the door. 9. While (to read) by so many people, the book became dog-eared. 10. (To judge) by the noise in other rooms,' it was not the only party in the college that evening. 11. She hesitated over her toilet, (to divide) between her lecture frock and the desire to do her hosts honor. 12. She ran through the streets, (to jostle) surprised shoppers, (to hit) her ankles on the wheels of pushcarts and prams. 13. (To leave) two hundred pounds by her late parent, Sophia decided to resign and make her living by giving French lessons. 14. Is there anything away (to clean)?

 

Задание 12.

Раскройте скобки, используя Participle I или Participle II.

 

1. Once when he came back to their room, he found Dmitri (to lie) in front of the fireplace. 2. I don't want my hair (to wash). 3. I heard the swing doors which led on to the main corridor (to open). 4. That afternoon we watched the purple dress (to fit) again. 5. He could just make out the small dot baby (to sit) high up in the pram. 6. Tell them you've got a slight chill and will require your meals (to send) up till further notice. 7. Look here, Jack. Do get me (to invite) to your house. 8. He had heard their orders (to give). 9. She felt herself (to vibrate) all over with resentment. 10. I had heard it (to say) that the cost of keeping a dog was over five pounds a week. 11. I was visualizing Mr. Honey (to go) home each evening to his house to cook high tea for his little girl. 12. Then she heard the chairs (to push) back and (to scrape) across the floor.

 

Задание 13. 

Переведите на английский язык.

 

1. Я видел, что ему не хочется говорить на эту тему. 2. Я видел, как он пытался завести машину. 3. Она слы¬шала, что профессор болен уже неделю. 4. Она слышала, как кто-то упомянул мое имя. 5. Мы чувствовали, что он еще ничего не решил, 6. После захода солнца мы почувст¬вовали, что температура воздуха начала быстро падать. 7, Вы слышали, что они уже вернулись? 8. Я вижу, вы довольны подарком. 9. Я увидел, что все смотрят вверх и сразу почувствовал, что что-то случилось. 10. Мы почувст¬вовали, что ему не нравится наша работа. 11. Когда я садился на поезд, я вдруг почувствовал, как кто-то потянул меня за пальто.

 

Задание 14. 

Переведите на русский язык.

 

1. He must have sold his piano.      

2. He may have sold his piano.        

3. He might have sold his piano.

4. He can't have sold his piano.

5. He should have sold his piano.

6. He shouldn't have sold his piano.

7. He needn't have sold his piano.

8. He didn't have to sell his piano.

9. He had to sell his piano.

10. He was to sell his piano.

 

Задание 15.

Переведите на английский язык.

 

1. Они, должно быть, уехали в Нью-Йорк.

2. Они, возможно, уехали в Нью-Йорк.

3. Может быть, они и уехали в Нью-Йорк (хотя едва ли).

4. Не может быть, что они уехали в Нью-Йорк.

5. Им следовало уехать в Нью-Йорк (а они не уе¬хали).

6. Им не следовало уезжать в Нью-Йорк (а они уехали).

7. Они могли и не уезжать в Нью-Йорк (а они уе¬хали).

8. Им незачем было уезжать в Нью-Йорк (они и не уехали).

9. Им пришлось уехать в Нью-Йорк. 

10.Им предстояло уехать в Нью-Йорк.

 

Задание 16.

Вставьте подходящие модальные глаголы (must, may, can, need, to have to, to be able to).

 

1. You ... not come to help them tomorrow: the work is done. 2. You … not change the whole text as the beginning is all right. You … only rewrite the second part of it. 3. ...you help me now? - I am afraid not: I am in a great hurry. I shall be free in the evening. Come to my place at about eight, and I ... help you. 4. John … not tell us the rules of the game: we know them. 5. … I return the book to you on Friday? I am afraid I ... not finish it before. - No, that is too late. You ... bring it to me not later than Wednesday. 6. It is already six o'clock. We … hurry if we don't want to be late. 7. ... you translate this text into English? - I think … . 8. They spent all the morning on the river bank. Only Ann ... return home as she … not stay in the sun for such a long time.

 

Задание 17.

Вставьте подходящие модальные глаголы (must, can, need).

 

1. If you want to improve your English, you ... work very hard. 2. ... I take this book? - Certainly, but you … not give it to anybody. 3. Mother, ... I go to the country tomorrow? - No, you ... not. The doctor says you … stay at home for a day or two. 4. There is something wrong with your television-set. You ... call a repair-man. - Oh, we ... not do it! My brother ... fix it himself. 5. ... we bring these text-books every day? -No, you ... not: you ... take them from the library. 6. … you go to the country with us? - No, I am afraid I ... not: I ... go to the library.

 

 

Задание 18.

Переведите на английский, употребляя подходящие по смыслу глаголы  (may, can, needn’t).

 

1. Можете сегодня туда пойти. 2. Можете сегодня туда не ходить. 3. Можете не переписывать сочине¬ние. 4. Можете остаться:  ведь у вас есть время. 5. Можете остаться, если хотите. 6. Можете не оставаться, если не хотите. 7. Можете не говорить ему об этом. 8. Можете сказать ему об этом. 9. Нам можно не повторять эти правила: мы их знаем. 10. Можно было и не писать сочинение. 11. Он мог и не прихо¬дить: все было уже сделано. 12. Вы можете ваять эту книгу, если хотите. 13. Вы можете ваять эту книгу: он не тяжелая. 14. Вы можете и не брать эту книгу. 15. Я не могу взять эту книгу. 16. Подумай только: можно было и не ходить туда. 17. Можешь сразу не соглашаться: подумай несколько дней.

 

Задание 19.

Переведите на английский, употребляя подходящие по смыслу глаголы  (may, can, can’t, must, shouldn’t,  needn’t).

 

1. Она, должно быть, дома сейчас. 2. Она, должно быть, была дома вчера. 3. Мы, может быть, придем к вам завтра. 4. Они, может быть, приходили к нам вчера, но нас не было дома. 5. Он, должно быть, ви¬дел этот памятник, когда был в вашем городе. 6. Он, может быть, видел этот памятник, когда был в вашем городе. 7. Не может быть, что он знает эту картину. 8. Не может быть, что он видел эту картину. 9. Ты можешь пойти туда: я не возражаю. 10. Ты можешь пойти туда: это совсем близко. 11. Ты не можешь пойти туда: ты не знаешь адреса. 12. Ты можешь не ходить туда: я могу им позвонить. 13. Ты не должен идти туда: они очень плохие люди. 14. Ты мог и не ходить туда вчера. 15. Тебе следует пойти туда: они тебя ждут. 16. Тебе следовало пойти туда вчера. 17. Тебе не следовало ходить туда вчера.

 

Задание 20.

Вставьте модальные глаголы should, need или to have to. Раскройте скобки.

 

1. You ... not (to go) out in this rain; as it is you have a cold in your head. 2. It was Sunday, and we ... not (to go) to school. 3. Everything is all right. You see that you ... not (to worry). 4. You are out of breath. You ... not (to run): you know how bad it is for you. 5. You ... not (to tell) her about it. Now she is sure not to sleep the whole night worrying. 6. You ... not (to go) with her: she knows the way perfectly well. 7. You … not (to put) so much pepper in the meat. No one will be able to eat it. 8. You … not (to give) them any lunch. They can get coffee and sandwiches on the train.

 

Задание 21.

Переведите на английский язык.

1. I noticed (что она смотрит на меня). 2. We know (что она не придет}. 3. And the you will agree (что я поступил правильно). 4. Mother sad (что она просто знает, что делать). 5. It is clear (что она старается помочь вам). 6. And the explanation will be  (что она опоздала на поезд). 7. My only hope is (что кто-нибудь нашел мои ключи и оставил их внизу). 8. Then you’ll be sorry (что не говорите по-немецки). 9. I’ll give you answer after (я поговорю с ней). 10. We’ll be there about nine (Дождь уже пройдет). 11. He spoke much better, it was clear (что он много занимался). 12. He didn’t play very well in the second time (Ему повредили колено). 13. At half past ten I finally realized (что он не придет). 14. He ask me (что я буду делать в воскресенье). 15. I see (что вы кого-то ждете). 16. And you will anderstand (что теряете время зря). 17. It became evident (что случилось что-то нехорошее). 18. I have been feelong of late (что ты что-то от меня скрываешь). 19.I didn’t know (что у нас будет на обед) and if there was enough to go round. 20. The room was in darkness. (Кто-то выключил свет). 21. No one will ever know (что они сделали с кораблем). 22. The trouble was (что я обещала маме пойти с ней в кино). 23. It is interesting to note (что люди давно стараются найти ответ на этот вопрос). 24. It is interesting to note (что ученые во всем мире стараются найти ответ на этот вопрос). 25. The interesting point was (что никто не видел машины). 26. Не He promised (что все будет сделано).

 

Задание 22.

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Indefinite или future Indefinite. (все предложения относятся к будущему времени)

 

1. I (to see) you before you (to start)? 2. What he (to do) when he (to come) home? 3. Where they (to go) if the weather (to be) fine? 4. He (to ring) me up when he (to return) home. 5. If it (to rain), we (to stay) at home. 6. She (to walk) home if it (not to be) too cold. 7. I am sure he (to come) to say good-bye to us before he (to leave) St. Petersburg. 8. Please turn off the light when you (to leave) the room. 9. If we (to be) tired, we (to stop) at a small village half-way to Moscow and (to have) a short rest and a meal there. 10. If you (to miss) the 10.30 train, there is another at 10.35. 11. She (to make) all the arrangements about it before she (to fly) there. 12. Before he (to start) for London, he (to spend) a day or two at a rest-home not far from here.

 

Задание 23.

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Indefinite или future Indefinite. (все предложения относятся к будущему времени)

 

1. Don't go away until mother (to come) back. Give her the note as soon as she (to come). 2. You (to go) to the library with us? - No, I  ... I (to stay) here and  (to help) Jane with her grammar. I  (to come) to the library after I (to finish). 3. Ring me up before you (to came) 4. I (to speak) to Mary if I (to see) her today. 5. I (not to speak) to him until he (to apologize). 6. Peter (to introduce) us to his friend as soon as we (to meet) them. 7. We (to go) to the station to meet Sergei when he (to come) to St. Petersburg.

 

Задание 24.

Переведите на русский язык.

 

1. They will decorate the hall tomorrow after four if they have no classes. 2. It will be a sensation if Vienna Opera comes again. 3. The pianist will agree to give a concert on condition it begins a little later. 4. He will buy these brushes unless he finds better ones. 5. If he reads this book he will learn how Marion Anderson worked at her voice. 6. If you read this book you will learn how well Marion Anderson was received in many countries. 7. If you hear M. Anderson singing you will be impressed by her voice. 8. Suppose you see a record with M. Anderson, buy one for me, please. 9. The actress will agree to play in the movie unless the shooting is done in the afternoon when she is not busy. 10. The movie will be a success provided some shots are retaken. 11. He says he can give you his dictionary on con¬dition it is returned next week.

Задание 25.

Раскройте скобки,  употребив  правильные формы глаголов. Переведите на русский язык.

 

1.  If you (be) not tired we shall go on rehearsing  the scene. 2. He will finish the script in time if everything (go) well. 3. He will give me his books on the cinema provided I (not give) them to anybody else. 4. We shall be glad if he (perform) his new music pieces at the concert. 5. Will you go to the country if it (rain) tomorrow? 6. I shall gladly help you with the translation if I (be) free this afternoon. 7. Will you give him the lines of the role in case you (see) him? 8. I shall stay in the studio unless the rehearsal (be) over. 9. It will be unexpected if Van Clibern (try) himself in performing old music.

 

Задание 26.

Закончите предложения, используя слова в скобках.

 

1. You'll understand this book when you (to get older) 2. If the weather (to change for the better) we'll go to the country. 3. He will phone you as soon as he (to wake up). 4. I'll call a doctor if she (to get worse). 5. You will never make this mistake again if you (to learn things the right way). 6. I won't speak to you again until you (to tell me the whole truth). 7. If she (to go by a fast train) she'll arrive in time. 8. We'll stay in Moscow till we (to get an answer to our letter). 9. He will get to her place before everybody (to arrive). 10. You won't be cold if you (to wear a warm coat). 11. After they (to make changes in the plan) we'll discuss it again. 12. When the train (to arrive in Sevastopol) I'll get off to buy newspapers. 13. If you (to speak so fast) nobody will understand you.

 

Задание 27. 

Раскройте скобки.

 

1. Mother said that uncle Ted (to come) for a visit and (to bring) his little son. 2. She knew she (to be) right; from the very beginning. 3. He promised everything (to be) right. 4. He felt that somebody (to watch) him. 5. He wondered how much she (to know). 6. She said carelessly that nothing (to make) her change her mind, once she (to change) it but that at present she still (to examine) the facts. 7. I asked Ann who else (to come) to the party.

 

Задание 28.

Прочитайте и переведите текст (устно).

 

STABILIZATION POLICY

 

Stabilization policy, or demand management, is the control of the level of aggregate demand in economy using fiscal policy in order to eliminate fluctuation at the national level. The general aim of stabilization policy is to regulate aggregate demand so as to make it as big as the gross national product in order to maintain the existing level of output and employment. It is also essential to keep aggregate demand low enough to avoid inflation.

An unregulated economy will tend to go through periods of depression and boom. Governments try to avoid such fluctuations by stimulating aggregate demand when the economy is depressed and reducing aggregate demand when the economy is overheating. Ideally, aggregate demand should be managed in such a way so as to grow as much as the GNP.

There exist two main problems: (a) correct timing of a government injection or withdrawal; (b) correct magnitude of an injection into or withdrawal from the economy to eliminate depressions and booms.

If the government can get the timing and magnitude correct, it will be able to eliminate the effects of depression. For the government to be able to reduce the intensity of the depression to follow, it is necessary to forecast accurately its beginning, perhaps while the economy is still growing actively.

Much government action is inaccurate in timing and magnitude. Where the government has not been successful in avoiding strong fluctuations in business activity, it can make injections into a growing economy, which then overheats, and withdraw too much at the wrong time, braking too hard.

 

 

Задание 29.

Выберите правильный вариант ответа на вопросы к тексту.

 

1.What is stabilization policy?

a) non-market economic activity

b) the control of the level of total demand in economy using fiscal policy

c) an amount of money freely circulating in economy

2. Which fluctuation periods will an unregulated economy tend to go through?

a) of inflation and devaluation

b) of depression and boom

c) of injection and withdrawal

3. What actions does the government have to take to reduce the intensity of the depression to follow?

a) to keep aggregate demand low enough

b) to satisfy cash demand

c) to forecast accurately the beginning of recession

 

Задание 30.

Закончите предложения по содержанию текста.

 

1. The general aim of stabilization policy is ____.

a) to regulate aggregate demand

b) to make injections into a growing economy

c) to reduce aggregate demand . 

2. is greatly important to keep aggregate demand low enough to ____.

a) check the magnitude of an injection

b) prevent inflation

c) maintain the existing level of output and employment . 

3. If the government can get the timing and magnitude of the injection

correct, it will be able to _____.

a) control business activity

b) reduce aggregate demand

c) avoid the effects of depression.  

4. Much government action is inaccurate in ____.

a) making injections or withdrawal

b) timing and magnitude of injections and withdrawal

c) eliminating the effects of depression

5. Ideally, aggregate demand should be regulated in such a way so _____.

a) to rise as much as the gross national product

b) to reduce the intensity of depression

c) to grow as much as the gross domestic product

 

Задание 31.

Подберите эквивалент к данному русскому слову или словосочетанию.

 

1. устранять

a) to stimulate b) to regulate c) to eliminate

2. колебания

a) depression b) fluctuation c) boom

3.поддерживать

a) to maintain b) to control c) to follow

4. избегать

a) to manage b) to tend c) to avoid

5. изъятие

a) withdrawal b) reduction c) injection

6. уменьшать

a) to withdraw b) to reduce c) to keep

15.предсказывать

a) to tell h) to brake c) to forecast