. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык. Вставьте нужный артикль: a) a; b) an; c) the; d) -.

1. … world’s biggest brokerage firm sell insurance to its customers and lends them money.

2. He said he was … employee of … gas company.

3.  He got … job in … south and spend … next two years doing … work he really enjoyed.

4. It is … pleasure to do business with such … efficient organization.

 

II. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык. Заполните пропуски неопределенными местоимениями или их производными: a) some; b) any; c) no; d) их производные.

1. … investors set an objective of achieving big payoff.

2. There were … student of our group at the consultation yesterday.

3. It was clear that … had happened.

4. She has to go to the supermarket. There isn’t … in the fridge.

 

III. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык. Заполните пропуски следующими словами: a) much; b) many; 

c) (a) little; d) (a) few.

1. … commercial banks also made loans and offered accounts to individual customers.

2. You can’t do without … cash on hand when you go to a provision shop.

3. They had brought … books with them that she hadn’t read.

4. I have … money left; let’s have dinner in a restaurant.

 

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык. Выберите форму глагола.

1. The Bank Charter Act of 1844 … a long dispute about the control of money supply.

a) follow              b) followed

c) follows            d) will follow

2. In many countries economic development … to periods  of rapid population growth.

a) had led             b) led

c) have led           d) has led

3. We … to vacation in Pennsylvania but changed our minds when so much of it got badly flooded.

a) has been planning             b) have been planning

c) will be planning                d) had been planning

4. An increase in price usually means that production … more profitable.

a) become                b) becomes

c) will become         d) became

 

V. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык. Выберите правильную форму глагола в пассивном залоге.

1. Raw materials and agricultural products … usually … in open markets, where the influence of cost on supply is much less pronounced.

a) was sold             b) were sold

c) is sold                 d) are sold

2. It … that there are rich deposits of coal in that district.

a) is known             b) are known

c) was known         d) were known

3. The goods … . You will have to wait half on hour.

a) is being examined             b) are being examined

c) was being examined          d) were being examined

4. Protective clothing must … at all times.

a) is worn               b) are worn

c) will be worn       d) be worn

 

VI. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык. Выберите правильную форму глагола в условных предложениях.

1. If we … careful we will leave behind our competitors.

a) am                      b) is

c) are                      d) will be

2. If you offer … last week, we would have accepted it.

a) has been received                      b) have been received

c) will have been received            d) had been received

3. If we … the product development in time we will be ready for the change of the demand.

a) schedule              b) schedules

c) scheduled            d) will schedule

4. If I … not … so busy yesterday, I would have gone to the station to see him off.

a) has been              b) have been

c) had been              d) will be

 

VII. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык. Употребите сложное дополнение.

1. I’d like them … about the delivery of replacement and spare parts.

a) to inform            b) will inform

c) inform                d) informs

2. I expect an advertisement ... a short description of the job, conditions of work and salary. 

a) give                   b) gives

c) will give            d) to give

3. He knows them ... the requirements of each job in a detailed job description.

a) will specify        b) to specify

c) is specified         d) are specified

4. She has had no photographs of herself ... since her childhood.

a) take                    b) took

c) taken                  d) to take

 

VIII. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык. Употребите сложное подлежащее.

1. This type of rocket is supposed … many advantages.

a) to have               b) has

c) taken                  d) had

2. The apparatus seemed ... in excellent condition.

a) are                      b) were

c) to be                   d) will be

3. He made me ... the new industrial project in terms of customer needs.

a) to be analysed    b) analyse

c) to analyse           d) analyses 

4. He is sure ... me all about this even if I don’t ask him.

a) to be told            b) to tell

c) tells                    d) told

 

IX. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык. Заполните пропуски модельными глаголами или их эквивалентами.

1. If you want my advice, you … find another supplier.

a) can                     b) could

c) must                  d) should

2. Any two computers on the Internet … to stay in touch with each other as long as there is a single route between them.

a) is able               b) was able

c) to be able          d) will be able

3. The expert admits that the goods … have been damaged in transit.

a) might                b) may

c) must                 d) can

4. He said that she … already have come back from the south.

a) should              b) must

c) might               d) could

 

X. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения

с русского языка на английский язык.

1. Информация, полученная в результате маркетингового исследования, имеет для руководства компании большое значение.

2. Исследователь должен полностью понимать характер проблем, стоящих перед исполнителем.

3. Рабочая сила является одним из четырех традиционных факторов производства.

4. На работу человека большое влияние оказывает отношение к его работе коллег, руководства и подчиненных.

 

XI. Прочтите текст.  Письменно переведите 1 и 3 абзацы

Advertising Agencies

1. Many companies, especially manufacturers, use advertising agencies to carry out some or all of their advertising activities. An advertising agency is an independent company that renders specialized services in advertising in particular and in marketing in general. 

2. Advertising agencies plan and execute entire advertising campaigns. They employ more advertising specialists than their clients do because they spread the cost over many accounts. A company can benefit from an agency’s experience with other products and clients. Many advertising agencies offer a wide range of services including research, public relations, and new product development assistance. In fact, many of these firms are becoming marketing agencies, offering services heretofore performed by other outside specialists or by the advertisers themselves.

3. Using both a Department and an Agency.

Main firms have their own advertising department and also use an advertising agency. The internal advertising department acts as a liaison between the agency and the company, giving the company greater control over this major expenditure. It approves the agency’s plans and ads, is responsible for preparing and administering the advertising budget, and coordinates advertising with personal selling. The department may also handle direct mail, dealer displays, and other promotional activities if they are not handled by the agency.

Задание XII. Прочитайте и переведите текст.

Forms of Business Ownership

The most common form of ownership is a sole proprietorship—that is, a business owned by one individual. At the beginning of the 21st century, there were more than 17 million sole proprietorships in the United States. These businesses have the advantage of being easy to set up and to dissolve because few laws exist to regulate them. Proprietors, as owners, also maintain direct control of their businesses and own all their profits. On the other hand, owners of proprietorships are personally responsible for all business debts and, because they are constrained by the limits of their personal financial resources, they may find it difficult to expand or increase their profits. For those reasons, sole proprietorships tend to be small, primarily service and retail businesses.

A partnership is an association of two or more people who operate a business as co-owners. There are different types of partners. A general partner is active in the operation of a business and is liable for all of its debts. In small businesses with only two or three owners, all typically will be general partners. A limited partner, by contrast, invests in a business but is not involved in its daily operations. Partnerships, like sole proprietorships, are relatively easy to establish. Furthermore, partners can pool financial resources to fund expansion and can divide their duties and responsibilities according to personal expertise and abilities. For example, one partner may be very good at selling, while another has a knack for maintaining good financial records. As with sole proprietorships, however, partnerships may entail substantial financial risks, as all of the general partners are liable for the debts of the business. And unlike proprietorships, disagreements among partners can harm partnership businesses.

A corporation is a legal entity that exists as distinct from the individuals who control and invest in it. As a result, a corporation can continue indefinitely through complete changes of ownership, leadership, and staffing. Current owners can sell their holdings to other individuals or, if they die, have their assets transferred to heirs. This is possible because a corporation creates shares of stock that are sold to investors. One strength of the corporate business structure is that stockholders have limited liability, as opposed to the unlimited liability of general partners, so they cannot lose more than their initial investment. Investors may also easily buy and sell stocks of public corporations through stock exchanges. By offering stock publicly, a corporation enables anyone with some money to buy the stock and become a part-owner of the company. As a result, corporations can more easily raise capital for business expansion than can sole proprietorships and most partnerships.

Ответьте на вопросы к тексту письменно.

1. How many sole traders were there in the USA at the beginning of the 21st century?

2. What are the advantages of being a sole proprietor?

3. What makes a limited partner different to a general one?

4. Which of the following forms of ownership implies limited liability of its owners?

5. Why is it easier for a corporation to raise capital than it is for other types of business?

Составьте 3 вопроса к тексту (письменно).