I. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык. Вставьте нужный артикль: a) a; b) an; c) the; d) -.
1. … Stock Exchange of … United Kingston and … Republic of Ireland was formed in 1973.
2. They say he has … great future in his firm.
3. We hope for … future and regret … past.
4. On such … evening everyone looks up at … Milky Way.
II. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык. Заполните пропуски неопределенными местоимениями или их производными: a) some; b) any; c) no; d) их производные.
1. Are there … commercial banks in your town? – Yes, there are … .
2. She helped me to borrow … more money.
3. I was late. I found … in the house.
4. I don’t think you should do … in this situation.
III. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык. Заполните пропуски следующими словами: a) much; b) many; c) (a) little; d) (a) few.
1. … insurance companies protect their customers against risk.
2. Nowadays he was very busy and he saw … of his old friends.
3. I can’t buy this expensive hat today: I have too … money.
4. When we walked … farther down the road, we met another group of students.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык. Выберите форму глагола.
1. Recent years … substantial changes in the occupational distribution of the labour force.
a) has seen b) had seen
c) have seen d) will have seen
2. By the 1930s the birth rate in Britain … to less than one half the rate experienced during the nineteenth century.
a) have fallen b) had fallen
c) will have fallen d) has fallen
3. The drift of the population and employment to the suburbs … on for a long time.
a) has been going b) have been going
c) had been going d) will have been going
4. Economic conditions … all the time.
a) is changing b) were changing
c) was changing d) are changing
V. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык. Выберите правильную форму глагола в пассивном залоге.
1. The precious metals … first … as money on the basis of weight.
a) is used b) are used
c) were used d) was used
2. The price of a product … by the interaction of demand and supply.
a) is determined b) are determined
c) was determined d) were determined
3. The gradual trend towards larger enterprises … not … to manufacturing industry
a) had been confined b) will be confined
c) have been confined d) has been confined
4. Ahead of us the port lay in a flood of lights. Two cargo-ships … .
a) is being unloaded b) are being unloaded
c) was being unloaded d) were being unloaded
VI. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык. Выберите правильную форму глагола в условных предложениях.
1. If the assumption ... incorrect or inadequate, the model might yield incorrect or inadequate predictions.
a) is b) are
c) was d) were
2. If incomes …, the demand for most goods and services will tend to increase.
a) are rising b) were rising
c) is rising d) was rising
3. If land … as the total surface area of the planet, including oceans, lakes and rivers, than its total quantity is fixed.
a) was defined b) were defined
c) is defined d) are defined
4.If money incomes … by 5 per cent, but over the same period prices rise by 10 per cent, real income will have fallen.
a) will rise b) rose
c) rises d) rise
VII. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык. Употребите сложное дополнение.
1. I’d like them … they money for a started period of time.
a) leave b) leaves
c) left d) to leave
2. She saw him … the street looking to the left and to the right.
a) cross b) crosses
c) crossed d) to cross
3. I know her … funds from her bank account to the merchant’s account.
a) to transfer b) transferred
c) transfer d) transfers
4. She heard somebody … up to her door.
a) to walk b) walk
c) walks d) walked
VIII. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык. Употребите сложное подлежащее.
1. Many books are known … in our country every year.
a) is published b) are published
c) to publish d) to be published
2. You are supported … in four years.
a) graduate b) graduates
c) to graduate d) to be graduated
3. This device was known … in that laboratory.
a) to have been designed b) to be designed
c) has been designed d) have been designed
4. The sun is known … mass of compressed gases.
a) represent b) represents
c) to represent d) to be represented
IX. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык. Заполните пропуски модельными глаголами или их эквивалентами.
1. When I worked there, personnel … anywhere in the compound.
a) can’ smoke b) couldn’t smoke
c) isn’t to smoke d) need not smoke
2. The level of accuracy in measurement … differ very widely.
a) may b) might
c) must d) could
3. We sent out the invitations a week ago; they … have arrived by now.
a) should b) might
c) could d) must
4. It was raining hard and we … to wait until it stopped raining.
a) has b) have
c) had d) must
X. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения
с русского языка на английский язык.
1. Экономика Великобритании известна как смешанная экономика.
2. Определенный сектор национального хозяйства принадлежит и управляется частными гражданами либо индивидуально, либо коллективно.
3. Естественно, что каждый индивидуальный предприниматель стремится к получению максимальной прибыли, увеличивая свой личный доход.
4. Являясь единоличным владельцем собственного предприятия, можно самостоятельно принимать любые решения.
XI. Прочтите текст. Письменно переведите 1 и 3 абзацы
Types of Markets
1. There ate two types of market according to the character of concluded contacts: spot market (the buying and selling of goods, currency or securities that are available for immediate delivery) and futures markets (the buying and selling of goods, currency or securities for delivery at a future date for a price fixed in advance).
2. There are three types of markets according to their function: commodity markets\exchanges, stock market\exchanges, foreign exchange markets.
3. Commodity markets\exchanges are the places where raw materials and some manufactured goods are bought and sold for immediate or future delivery. Main terminal markets are situated in London and New York. Terminal markets are the markets dealing mainly with commodities that will be available in the future rather than goods that are available immediately. Most terminal markets are outside the countries that produce the goods.
4. Stock markets\exchanges are the markets where stock and shares are bought and sold under fixed rules, but at prices controlled by supply and demand. The main idea of stock exchanges is to enable public companies, the state and local authorities to attract capital by way or selling securities to investors.
5. Foreign exchange markets are the markets where foreign currencies are traded.
Задание XII. Прочитайте и переведите текст.
The Roots of Our Global Economy
Demonstrations in Seattle and Prague, passage of NAFTA and GATT, talk of multinational businesses and multinational markets—the third millennium opened as the era of globalization. Growing in popular use during the 1990s, this term describes a world with porous borders. Today money, goods, and services readily cross national boundaries. Instantaneous messages and enormous libraries of information flash across the Internet. Television, telephones, and wireless communications link people everywhere. Political, economic, and environmental developments have planetary impact: Global warming exemplifies this situation both as an effect and as a name.
Unique as the modern world seems to be, globalization has been developing for a long time. The pace of trade, travel, and communication is much faster now, but people have always spread out, always dealt with others outside their own societies. Such interactions have been critical to history. Only the speed of change has changed.
As means of transport improved, the hope of gain opened new trading and migration routes. After Vasco da Gama led Portuguese vessels around the Cape of Good Hope, Atlantic ports could trade with the Indian Ocean directly. Following the voyages of Christopher Columbus and Ferdinand Magellan, Spanish treasure galleons crossed the Atlantic and Pacific oceans on regular schedules. On islands from New Zealand to Hawaii, Europeans encountered the descendants of daring mariners who had colonized this region centuries earlier.
The rapid discovery of so many new opportunities led to aggressive forms of competition. Armies and navies battled to defend monopolies claimed by monarchs and their favourites, and by such new business organizations as the East India Companies. In the Western Hemisphere, the Aztec and Inca empires fell to Spanish invaders. France and Britain contested control of North America until American colonists took much of it for themselves. Still closer to our own time, the interests of trade led to the Opium Wars in China and to the arrival of Matthew Perry’s U.S. gunboats in Tokyo Bay.
Though these conflicts were terribly destructive, they were part of the process that has brought about modern society. Trade, travel, and communication take place at a much faster rate today than in times past, but contemporary interactions emerged directly out of cross-cultural contacts and exchanges with deep historical roots.
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Ответьте на вопросы к тексту письменно.
1. When did the term ‘globalization’ become popular?
2. Is it true, that people started to spread out only in the 20th century?
3. What was the consequence of Columbus’ and Magellan’s voyages?
4. What brought about more aggressive competition?
5. Does modern economy have any historic prerequisites?
Составьте 3 вопроса к тексту (письменно).
