СодержаниеContent
Introduction…………………………………………………………………….3
Chapter I. Stylistic devices……………………………………………………..5
1.1. Expressive means (EM) and stylistic devices (SD)……………………….5
1.2. The language of newspapers……………………………………………...11
1.3. Non-term political vocabulary……………………………………………14
1.4. Newspaper clichés………………………………………………………..15
1.5. Abbreviations…………………………………………………………….18
1.6. Neologisms……………………………………………………………….19
1.7. Phraseology in the English press…………………………………………20
Chapter II. Simile in English newspapers……………………………………..22
2.1. Modern English newspapers……………………………………………...22
2.2. Some features of simile…………………………………………………...25
2.3. Simile in English newspapers…………………………………………….30
Conclusion…………………………………………………………………….40
Bibliography…………………………………………………………………..42ВведениеIntroduction
Political vocabulary is a part of a lexical system of the language in which are especially evidently reflected social structure of a society, world outlook installations of native speakers, ways of the organization of public life of the country in which language functions, and also other countries. Functioning and development of this subsystem sometimes directly, and is more often опосредованно reflect a wide spectrum of public processes. In some periods of life of a society here in historically short time intervals there are such changes which in other lexico-semantic subsystems are stretched for centuries. But even in rather stable periods of life different people the political lexicon develops constantly and updated.
The political vocabulary of the English language is investigated less than Russian. It is connected, in our opinion, also to several circumstances. It is necessary to note, that political vocabulary of the English language represents very attractive object for the analysis as this language, as is known, functions as the basic means of dialogue in the states with the different political and economic device.
The social situation of the dialogue is rather specific to the newspaper. We usually read newspapers in such conditions when to concentrate rather difficultly: in the underground, in a train, at breakfast, having a rest after work, in a lunch break, filling in for some reason or other released short time interval etc. We must organize the newspaper information to transfer it quickly, it is compressed to inform the basic even if the note will not be finished up to the end and to render on the reader certain of emotional influence.
To newspaper and publicistic styles all language functions are peculiar except for aesthetic and, however, it is necessary to be stipulated, that it is fair under the attitude not to all newspaper materials. Articles and publicism to a greater or lesser extent can come nearer that to scientific to art text and to have the appropriate set of functions. However, probably to tell more correctly, that aesthetic function is not absent, and it have a special character and are carried out mainly by graphic means: fonts, headlines which should be evident and draw to itself attention even from afar, division into strips and distribution of one article on different pages, than increase chance of each article to get to the reader by eyes, by special headings to paragraphs.
The aim of our work is to search the stratification of vocabulary in English newspaper articles on political topics with simile.
The problems have defined the next tasks:
- to investigate the language of newspapers;
- to investigate the Expressive means (EM) and stylistic devices (SD;
- to investigate features of the Modern English newspapers;
- to investigate Simile in English newspapers.
The Object of our investigation is newspaper articles on political topics.
The subject of our investigation is newspaper articles on political topics with simile.
The theoretical value of this work consists of results which promote the further development of the theory of studying of stratification of vocabulary in English newspaper articles on political topics with simile.
The practical value of our work is that we will examine the stratification of vocabulary in English newspaper articles on political topics with simile.
The novelty of the given work consists of that models of stratification of vocabulary in English newspaper articles on political topics with simile are investigated. It allows to understand the mechanism of generation and functioning of the given phenomenon.
This term paper consists of introduction (where the aim, object, subject, methods of investigation are described, and practical value and theoretical significance are underlined; two Chapters, conclusion and Bibliography.ЗаключениеConclusion
Let’s make some conclusions on the first chapter.
English newspaper style may be defined as a system of in¬terrelated lexical, phraseological and grammatical means which is perceived by the community of the language as a separate unity that serves the purpose of informing and instructing the reader.
Since the primary function of newspaper style is to impart infor¬mation, only printed matter serving this purpose comes under news¬paper style proper. Such matter can be classed as:
1. brief news items and communiques,
2. press reports (parliamentary, of court proceedings, etc.),
3. articles purely informational in character,
4. advertisements and announcements,
To understand the language peculiarities of English newspaper style it will be sufficient we analysed the following basic newspaper features:
1. brief news items,
2. advertisements and announcements,
3. the headline, and
4. with the reservations stated above) the editorial.
V. Bergsdorf includes the following subsystems in « language of a policy(politics) »: 1) language of the legislation and judgements; 2) administrative language which problem is the statement of various instructions(indications), instructions etc., for example, formal notices, receipts on the tax etc., military orders etc. here concern; 3) Language of negotiations inside the country, and also diplomatic negotiations); 4) the language of political education used for achievement of normative structures in formation of political positions. 5) language political PR, it is applied to change or on the contrary to strengthen existing structure of estimations and opinions, it is submitted first of all by speeches of various politicians.
The features of the political vocabulary are the vagueness, abstract, complexity, the illegibility, a relativity, an ideological multivalence.
The following grammatical peculiarities of brief news items are of paramount importance, and may be regarded as grammatical para¬meters of newspaper style:
1. Complex sentences with a developed system of clauses;
2. Verbal constructions;
3. Syntactical complexes;
4. Attributive noun groups;
5. Specific word order;
Morphological structure of political vocabulary consists of affixes, complex and abbreviated words, abbreviations, word collocations.
As we see, simile is deeply embedded in the way we construct the world around us and the way that world is constructed for us by others. Politics refers broadly to people and the lives they lead in organized communities rather than more narrowly to the battleground of conventional party politics.
The simile used in contemporary American political discourse draw heavily and systematically from the terminology of sports and warfare. These sources provide simile for use in both campaign rhetoric and the jargon of political professionals. By studying the use of these simile in the period 1980-1985, we may conclude that politics is typically conceived of as being either a rule-bound contest (sports simile) or as an unpredictable exercise of power (war simile). These similes are deeply rooted in American culture and appeal widely to the American electorate, but they draw on experience more commonly shared by American males than by American females. Such simile may have the effect of excluding women from participating in the dominant discourse of politics and thus from achieving political powerЛитератураBibliography
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